量子计算机概论/INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM COMPUTERS 下载 极速 rtf epub 在线 word txt pdf

Quantum computing promises to solve problems which are intractable on digital computers. Highly parallel quantum algorithms can decrease the computational time for some problems by many orders of magnitude. This important book explains how quantum computers can do these amazing things. Several algorithms are illustrated: the discrete Fourier transform, Shor's algorithm for prime factorization; algorithms for quantum logic gates; physical implementations of quantum logic gates in ion traps and in spin chains; the simplest schemes for quantum error correction; correction of errors caused by imperfect resonant pulses; correction of errors caused by the nonresonant actions of a pulse; and numerical simulations of dynamical behavior of the quantum Control-Not gate. An overview of some basic elements of computer science is presented, including the Turing machine, Boolean algebra, and logic gates. The required quantum ideas are explained.

1 Introduction

2 The Turing Machine

3 Binary System and Boolean Algebra

4 The Quantum Computer

5 The Discrete Fourier Transform

6 Quantum Factorization of Integers

7 Logic Gates

8 Implementation of Logic Gates Using Transistors

9 Reversible Logic Gates

10 Quantum Logic Gates

11 Two and Three Qubit Quantum Logic Gates

12 One-Qubit Rotation

13 Aj - Transformation

14 B.jk - Transformation

15 Unitary Transformations and Quantum Dynamics

16 Quantum Dynamics at Finite Temperature

17 Physical Realization of Quantum Computations

18 CONTROL-NOT Gate in an Ion Trap

19 Aj and Bjk Gates in an Ion Trap

20 Linear Chains of Nuclear Spins

21 Digital Gates in a Spin Chain

22 Non-resonant Action of Jr-Pulses

23 Experimental Logic Gates in Quantum Systems

24 Error Correction for Quantum Computers

25 Quantum Gates in a Two-Spin System

26 Quantum Logic Gates in a Spin Ensemble at Room Temperature

27 Evolution of an Ensemble of Four-Spin Molecules

28 Getting the Desired Density Matrix

29 Conclusion

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书籍介绍

Quantum computing promises to solve problems which are intractable on digital computers. Highly parallel quantum algorithms can decrease the computational time for some problems by many orders of magnitude. This book explains how quantum computers can do these amazing things. Several algorithms are illustrated: the discrete Fourier transform, Shor's algorithm for prime factorization; algorithms for quantum logic gates; physical implementations of quantum logic gates in ion traps and in spin chains; the simplest schemes for quantum error correction; correction of errors caused by imperfect resonant pulses; correction of errors caused by the nonresonant actions of a pulse; and numerical simulations of dynamical behaviour of the quantum Control-Not gate. An overview of some basic elements of computer science are discussed, including the Turing machine, Boolean algebra, and logic gates. The required quantum ideas are explained.